What is two essential components?
Regardless of image size or design, a camera should have the following controls and settings, whether manual or automated:
A way to precisely point at the camera and compose the image.
Ability to concentrate effectively.
A shutter controls the exposure time and the period of action of the light on the sensitive surface.
A window to control the image's brightness and the field’s depth.
A method for loading and removing the film, without being affected by unwanted light.
One meter for measuring light and indicating or adjusting the exposure required for each shot.
Composition and concentration.
The oldest and most clumsy way of accurately composing and focusing your image is always used in large format cameras for professional photography. A ground glass display on the back of the camera lets you see and focus on the real image created by the lens.
Once you place the film in all 5 cameras, you can no longer see the image on the screen. Another arrangement, dating from the first amateur cameras, is to have a line of sight embedded in the body, as found in today's compact cameras. It gives a direct view separate from the subject and is hidden to have the same viewing angle and aspect ratio as the image given by the camera objective.
The problem with this direct vision finder is that while it exactly frames remote subjects, as you photograph more closely what you see through the viewfinder becomes increasingly out of place and imprecise. As this error is due to the separate and parallel points of view of the camera lens and the viewfinder, it is known as the "parallax error".
In the viewfinder window, a correction line must show the true top of your image when photographing at the nearest focusing distance. To focus the lens on a direct viewfinder, simple types can simply have a goal positioning control that you define as one of the symbols of a series of topics.
Some high-quality 35mm or medium-sized direct-sight cameras have a precision manual rangefinder system. Many compact direct-sight cameras now feature an automated remote sensing system that allows automatic focusing (AF). As you start pressing the trigger, the distance to the subject is measured by an electronic telemetry form,
And the target focus is automatically adjusted to the correct setting. The above compositional and fine-tuning systems work reasonably well for more general topics. For real precision, however, you should work by looking at the picture given by the camera lens. Single-lens SLR cameras allow this, without the slowness and the disadvantage of a camera view,
Having a mirror behind the lens mirrors the image to a visible focus screen near the top of the camera's body. This mirror deviates from the film right before the exhibition. A focus monitor is the only camera system that offers "what you see is what you get". It precisely displays the visual effects of the depth of field in your image at different apertures.
Adjustments and lenses of the lens.
Single-lens SLR cameras are designed to keep the lens wide open while you dial and check the focus. So, you need a way to break the opening until the adjustment that will be used when the shutter lights up,